09 Dec Nadsat language in A Clockwork Orange – A This Chick Reads guide and glossary

After finishing A Clockwork Orange, I found myself spiraling into an obsession—not with Alex’s violent escapades (don’t worry), but with the language Anthony Burgess invented: Nadsat. It wasn’t just a quirky, made-up slang to me; it felt alive, like something you could overhear on the bus if you squinted at the world just right. And that sent me down the rabbit hole of Anthony Burgess’s love affair with linguistics and how that love gave birth to one of the most unforgettable elements of his dystopian masterpiece.

Let’s talk about Burgess first, because the man was a linguistic rock star. He didn’t just write novels; he had a deep and enduring passion for language. He studied English literature and phonetics at the University of Manchester, which might sound dry, but let’s be real—this was the foundation for all the wild, creative linguistic experiments he would go on to do. Burgess had a knack for picking up languages, and his travels as a teacher and colonial officer gave him exposure to all kinds of dialects, creoles, and regional oddities. His fascination with how language works—and how it shapes identity—wasn’t just academic; it seeped into his novels, his music, and even his personal life. He once described himself as a “polyglot manque,” which is fancy-talk for saying he loved languages but didn’t think he knew enough of them. Typical overachiever.

So, why did Burgess invent Nadsat in the first place? Well, A Clockwork Orange is all about youth culture and rebellion, and Burgess wanted to make sure the teenage protagonists, particularly Alex and his droogs, had their own distinct voice. He wanted readers to feel like outsiders, hearing this unfamiliar slang that was half-understood but unmistakably tied to its context. This wasn’t just a stylistic choice—it was a way of distancing the audience from Alex’s horrific actions while also pulling them into his worldview. Genius, right?

The choice to base Nadsat largely on Russian wasn’t random, either. Burgess had visited Leningrad in 1961, and the Cold War was still raging. By injecting Russian into the slang of these English-speaking delinquents, he was subtly hinting at the pervasive fears of communism and ideological contamination. But Burgess wasn’t just taking a jab at politics; he was making a statement about how language can evolve, cross boundaries, and blend cultures—whether we like it or not. His process was deliberate but playful. He took words from Russian, Romani, Cockney rhyming slang, and even the King James Bible, mixing them together like a linguistic cocktail. The result was Nadsat: a language that’s unsettling and alien but also weirdly intuitive.

Burgess didn’t just toss words into the mix haphazardly. He wanted Nadsat to be functional for readers, even if they didn’t know a lick of Russian. He carefully chose terms that could be understood through context, so you’d know that “moloko” was milk without having to look it up. It’s immersive without being alienating—exactly the balance you’d want in a novel where the language is as much a part of the world-building as the plot itself.

Here’s the fun part: let’s dive into some of my favorite Nadsat terms, because these words are just as interesting in isolation as they are in the story.

Nadsat Glossary Deep Dive

A

Appy Polly Loggies: Apologies.

This term is an exaggerated twist on the word “apologies,” turning what should be a polite, remorseful expression into something almost farcical. Burgess, ever the linguistic prankster, nods here to James Joyce’s Anna Livia Plurabelle (ALP) in Finnegans Wake. Joyce was another author who loved to bend and reshape language, and this playful homage is a delightful little Easter egg for literary nerds. In Nadsat, “appy polly loggies” perfectly captures the cheeky, insincere tone Alex might use when feigning remorse. It’s a phrase you can’t take seriously—and that’s the point.

Auto: Car.

This one feels straightforward, but it’s worth noting how Burgess gives it a little extra flavor. “Auto” is, of course, short for “automobile,” but what makes it interesting is how it mirrors the Russian word “авто” (avto).

B

Baboochka: Old woman.

Borrowed directly from the Russian word “бабушка” (babushka), which literally means “grandmother.” In Nadsat, it broadens to encompass any older woman, but the underlying connotation is one of frailty or old-fashioned behavior. Alex uses this term with a kind of dismissive superiority, as if he’s above these “baboochkas” in every way. It’s playful and slightly mocking, giving a glimpse into his youthful arrogance.

Baddiwad: Bad.

This term comes across as something a toddler might say—it’s almost childishly simple. Burgess here plays with the way language is often softened or made more playful by kids, which is a fascinating contrast to the violent and complex world Alex inhabits. This word’s use hints at a kind of arrested development in the Nadsat-speaking youth, stuck between innocent wordplay and their very adult actions.

Banda: Band or gang.

Straight from the Russian “банда” (banda), which literally means “gang.”

Barry Place: Prison.

This term is a bit of linguistic shorthand that plays off the idea of “bars” on windows. It feels flippant and informal, the kind of dismissive nickname you’d expect from someone who views authority and punishment as a joke. Alex’s casual reference to prison as a “barry place” shows his lack of respect for the institution and his belief in his own invincibility.

Bezoomny: Mad, crazy

Borrowed from the Russian word “безумный” (bezumnyj), this term captures the chaotic mental state of many characters in A Clockwork Orange. Its hard “z” sound gives it a sharp, jarring quality, making it feel more intense than its English equivalent. Burgess’s use of this word underscores the novel’s theme of sanity versus madness, particularly as it relates to Alex’s journey.

Biblio: Library.

From the Russian “библиотека” (biblioteka). This word feels almost quaint in its simplicity, reflecting how libraries and books might be perceived as relics in Alex’s hyper-modern, tech-driven society. It’s a quiet reminder of the intellectual pursuits that exist outside the violent world of Nadsat.

Bitva: Battle.

Taken from the Russian “битва” (bitva), meaning “battle.” In the context of Nadsat, it’s a word loaded with aggression, fitting seamlessly into Alex’s violent worldview.

Blub: Weep, cry.

This term is an English slang word rather than a Nadsat invention, but it’s worth noting for its dismissive tone. Derived from “blubber,” it turns the act of crying into something almost laughable or childish, which is perfectly in line with Alex’s unsympathetic perspective.

Bog: God.

Borrowed from the Russian word “бог” (bog). This term has a weighty, universal feel, but it’s interesting how Burgess uses it in such a clipped, utilitarian way. It strips away the grandeur of the concept, reducing “God” to a brief, almost casual reference. In Alex’s world, where morality is fluid and often absent, the casual invocation of “Bog” feels both ironic and fitting.

Boomaboom: Thunder.

Onomatopia. This term feels almost childish in its mimicry of the sound of thunder..

Bolnoy: Sick.

From the Russian “больной” (bolʹnoj), meaning “ill.” This term is often used in both a literal and metaphorical sense in Nadsat, referring to physical illness but also to societal or moral decay.

Bolshy: Big or great.

Derived from the Russian “большой” (bolʹšoj), this term feels grand and authoritative. It’s often used to describe something larger-than-life or overwhelming, adding a sense of drama to whatever it’s applied to.

Boorjoyce: Bourgeois.

A phonetic play on the French “bourgeois,” but here Burgess exaggerates its pronunciation into something almost comical. The term is a sly jab at middle-class conformity and complacency, a key theme in the novel’s critique of societal norms.

Britva: Razor.

From the Russian “бритва” (britva). This word has a sharp, violent edge to it—literally and figuratively. In A Clockwork Orange, it embodies the casual brutality of Alex’s world, where a razor is less a tool and more a weapon of choice.

Brat: Brother.

Borrowed from the Russian “брат” (brat). Simple, direct, and very fitting for the tribal, brotherhood-like nature of Alex’s gang. It’s a term of camaraderie, but with an underlying sense of hierarchy and loyalty.

Bratchny: Bastard.

Seems to come from the Russian word “брачный” (bračnyj), meaning “matrimonial.” Burgess appears to invert its meaning here, implying “out-of-wedlock.” It’s a clever twist that adds a layer of complexity to an otherwise straightforward insult.

Brooko: Belly.

From the Russian “брюхо” (brjuxo). This term has a guttural, physical feel to it, mirroring the visceral nature of its meaning. It’s almost primal, which fits the raw, unpolished vibe of Nadsat.

Bugatties: Riches.

From the Russian “богатый” (bogatyj), meaning “rich.” It’s a playful, slightly decadent word that ties wealth to opulence and excess. In Alex’s consumerist world, “bugatties” feels aspirational but also a bit mocking, like the kind of term a hustler might use.

Bugatty: Rich.

A simpler take on “bugatties,” directly describing wealth. Its clipped, informal nature makes it feel like a throwaway term, which is fitting in a world where materialism rules but is also taken for granted.

C

Cables: Blood vessels, tendons, or veins.

This word creates a vivid, almost mechanical image of the human body, turning veins into something industrial and cold, like the wires inside a machine. It reflects the way Burgess often likens people to mechanical constructs, a theme that ties into the novel’s broader exploration of free will versus programmed behavior.

Cal: Crap.

Taken from the Russian “кал” (kal), meaning feces, this term is both literal and figurative. It’s used as an invective, a blunt way to insult someone or something.

Cancer: Cigarette.

Short for the English slang “cancer stick.”

Cantora: Office.

Borrowed from the Russian “контора” (kontora), meaning “office,” this term has a bureaucratic, almost oppressive feel.

Carman: Pocket.

From the Russian “карман” (karman), meaning “pocket.” A straightforward borrowing, this term becomes significant in the gang’s thieving exploits.

Chai: Tea.

Borrowed from the Russian “чай” (čaj) and common in many languages, this word isn’t exclusively Nadsat.

Charles, Charlie: Chaplain.

This playful term draws on the name “Charlie Chaplin.”

Chasha: Cup.

From the Russian “чашка” (čaška) or “чаша” (čaša), meaning “large bowl.” It’s a mundane term but ties into the everyday objects that populate Alex’s world.

Chasso: Guard.

Derived from the Russian “часовой” (časovoj), meaning “sentry” or “watchman.” The hard “ch” sound gives it an authoritative, no-nonsense feel, perfectly fitting for the guards and authority figures in Alex’s life.

Cheena: Woman.

Borrowed from the Russian “женщина” (ženščina), meaning “woman.” The term has an edge of objectification, reflecting Alex’s often dismissive and predatory attitude toward women.

Cheest: To wash.

From the Russian “чистить” (čistitʹ), meaning “to clean.”

Chelloveck: Person, man, fellow.

Taken from the Russian “человек” (čelovek), meaning “human” or “man.” This is one of Nadsat’s most iconic words.

Chepooka: Nonsense.

From the Russian “чепуха” (čepuxa), meaning “nonsense” or “rubbish.” It’s a dismissive term, often used by Alex to brush off things he finds irrelevant or irritating.

Choodessny: Wonderful.

Borrowed from the Russian “чудесный” (čudesnyj). The whimsical sound of the word contrasts with its meaning, capturing the dark humor of Nadsat, where even beauty and wonder are tinged with strangeness.

Chumble: To mumble.

A blend of “chatter” and “mumble,” this term is one of Burgess’s English-based inventions. It’s playful but also slightly mocking, used to diminish the importance of whatever is being said.

Cine: Cinema or film.

Borrowed from French slang “ciné.” .

Clockwork: Mechanically responsive.

A key term in the novel, this word symbolizes the central theme of free will versus control. To be “clockwork” is to function as a machine, responding to programming rather than choice.

Clop: To knock.

From the Russian “хлопать” (xlopatʹ), meaning “to clap,” or the German “klopfen,” meaning “to knock.” The word has a sharp, percussive quality that evokes the sound it describes.

Cluve: Beak.

Taken from the Russian “клюв” (kljuv), meaning “beak.” It’s an evocative term that adds a touch of animalistic imagery to descriptions of people and their features.

Collocoll: Bell.

From the Russian “колокол” (kolokol). This word has a resonant, almost musical quality, fitting for a term tied to sound and tradition.

Crast: Steal, rob, robbery.

Borrowed from the Russian “красть” (krastʹ), meaning “to steal.” This word is central to the gang’s activities, emphasizing the criminal undertone of Nadsat without moralizing it.

Creech: To shout, scream.

From the Russian “кричать” (kričatʹ), meaning “to shout.” The harsh consonants give the word a piercing, jarring quality, reflecting the chaos of violent scenes in the novel.

Cutter: Money.

From Cockney rhyming slang derived from “bread-and-butter.”

D

Dama: Lady.

Borrowed from the Russian “дама” (dama), this term has a formal, slightly old-fashioned air to it, reminiscent of “Dame” in English. In Nadsat, it adds a veneer of respect to descriptions of women, though Alex often uses such terms with a hint of sarcasm.

Decrep: Elder.

Shortened from “decrepit,” this term is a blunt and irreverent way to refer to the elderly.

Ded, Dedoochka: Old man.

Derived from the Russian “дед” (ded) or “дедушка” (deduška), meaning “grandfather.”

Deng: Money.

Taken from the Russian “деньги” (denʹgi), meaning “money,” this term is a vital part of Alex’s slang, as material gain often motivates the droogs’ actions. Its short, clipped sound reminded me of the sound of coins being flung into a metal container.

Devotchka: Young woman.

Borrowed from the Russian “девочка” (devočka), meaning “girl,” this term is one of the more iconic words in Nadsat. It highlights Alex’s objectifying view of women while maintaining a playful, almost sing-song quality.

Dobby: Good.

From the Russian “добрый” (dobryj), meaning “kind” or “good.” This term is the opposite of the more common “baddiwad,” though it’s used sparingly in Alex’s largely violent world.

Dook: Trace or ghost.

This fascinating term comes from the Russian “дух” (dux), meaning “spirit,” and the Romani “dook,” meaning “magic.”

Domy: House.

Derived from the Russian “дом” (dom), meaning “house,” this term is straightforward and practical, fitting seamlessly into Alex’s slang. It also invokes the English word Domicile or perhaps Domain (which seem to have the same basic Indo-European root word as the Russian term) making it easy to associate as we read. It’s another example of Burgess grounding Nadsat in everyday life while maintaining its foreign flavor.

Dorogoy: Dear, valuable, or expensive.

Taken from the Russian “дорогой” (dorogoj), this word can mean “precious” in both a monetary and emotional sense. In Nadsat, it’s often used ironically..

Dratsing: Fighting.

From the Russian “драться” (dratʹsja), meaning “to fight.” The term feels chaotic and unrefined, perfectly capturing the raw violence of the droogs’ skirmishes.

Drencrom: Drug.

Likely a play on “adrenochrome,” this term is a fictional invention by Burgess, tied to the mind-altering substances consumed by Alex and his friends.

Droog: Friend.

Friend. Straight from the Russian “друг” (droog). It sounds both familiar and slightly menacing, which is perfect for Alex’s inner circle of chaos-loving pals.

Droogie: Friendly.

From the Russian “дружелюбно” (druželjubno), meaning “friendly.” Also used as a diminutive version of “droog” adding warmth, though in Alex’s world, it’s often used with an ironic or mocking tone.

Dung: To defecate.

This term feels earthy and unrefined, reflecting the crude, unfiltered nature of Alex’s language. It’s one of the more visceral words in the Nadsat lexicon.

Dva: Two.

Straight from the Russian “два” (dva), meaning “two.” It’s one of the few Nadsat words that functions purely as a practical numeral, grounding the language in basic utility while maintaining its cultural roots.

E

Eegra: Game

Borrowed from the Russian “игра” (igra), meaning “game,” this term encapsulates both the literal sense of play and the more sinister games Alex and his droogs engage in.

Eemya: Name

From the Russian “имя” (imja).

Eggiweg: Egg

This juvenile twist on “egg” is one of Nadsat’s most innocent and playful words. Its childlike tone starkly contrasts with the often dark and violent behavior of Alex.

Em: Mother

Derived from the first letter of “mother.”

Espresso Rapido: Train

Italian for “fast express,” this phrase captures the sleek, efficient feel of a modern train. Its inclusion in Nadsat gives the impression of awareness of playing with language, similar to when and modern day English speaker will invoke a French word like enchanté to convey an ironic sense of class or elevation

Eunuch Jelly: Gutless Coward

An insult, this term combines the emasculating idea of a eunuch with the formless, spineless quality of jelly.

F

Fag: Tire, Exhaust

A term borrowed from English slang, “fag” in Nadsat conveys tiredness or exhaustion, likely stemming from the way people often say they feel “fagged out.” While not exclusive to Nadsat, its inclusion reflects the way Burgess blends colloquial English into Alex’s world.

Faggy/Fagged: Tired, Exhausted

This variation adds a descriptive flair to the base term, intensifying the sense of weariness. It’s a reminder of how language evolves within subcultures, with minor tweaks creating distinct but related meanings.

Fashed: Bothered, Annoyed, Tired

From the Scots term “fash,” meaning “annoyed” or “irritated,” this word brings a regional touch to Nadsat. Its presence highlights the global and historical influences in Burgess’s creation, showcasing how he draws from diverse linguistic roots.

Filly: To Play or Fool Around With

A diminutive of “fiddle,” this term has playful, mischievous undertones. It’s a word that hints at the lighter, more youthful aspects of Alex’s gang, even as their “playing” often turns violent.

Filmdrome: Cinema

Combining “film” with the Greek “δρόμος” (drómos), meaning “course” or “place,” this term gives a grand, almost futuristic feel to the simple concept of a cinema. It reflects Alex’s love for sensory experiences, particularly in the form of visual storytelling.

Firegold: Strong Drink

Possibly derived from the phrase “firewater,” this evocative term captures the burning sensation and intensity of alcohol. It’s one of the more poetic Nadsat words, illustrating Burgess’s ability to create language that feels visceral and alive.

Fist: To Punch

Straightforward and primal, this term comes from the English word “fist.”

Forella: Trout, Old Lady

Borrowed from the Russian “форель” (forelʹ) and German “Forelle,” this term cleverly plays on the image of an old lady as slippery or wrinkled, much like a trout. It’s another example of Burgess’s layered, playful approach to slang.

G

Gazetta: Newspaper

Borrowed from the Russian “газета” (gazeta) and related to the English “gazette,” this term is a straightforward reference to printed news. In Alex’s world, the “gazetta” often reflects the state-controlled propaganda or societal commentary that he dismisses with disdain.

Glazz, Glazzies, Glazzballs: Eye, Eyes (also refers to nipples)

Derived from the Russian “глаз” (glaz), meaning “eye,” these terms are versatile in Nadsat. They serve not just as anatomical references but also as a window into Alex’s voyeuristic tendencies and his fixation on sensory experiences.

Gloopy: Stupid

From the Russian “глупый” (glupyj), meaning “stupid,” this term is one of the more derogatory Nadsat words. Its playful sound makes it seem less harsh, which contrasts with its meaning, adding a layer of irony to its use.

Glory: Hair

A poetic and almost biblical term for hair, this word elevates a mundane feature to something grander. Alex’s use of “glory” reflects his flair for dramatizing even the simplest aspects of life.

Godman: Priest, Chaplain

This term combines “God” with “man” to refer to clergy. Its stark simplicity mirrors Alex’s irreverence, stripping spiritual authority of its grandeur and reducing it to a functional label.

Golly: Unit of Money

A playful term for money, likely derived from rhyming slang for “lolly” or “polly.” It reflects the lighthearted, almost whimsical attitude Alex has toward material wealth, treating it as another part of the game.

Goloss: Voice/Tone

From the Russian “голос” (golos), meaning “voice,” this term is central to the theme of expression and identity in A Clockwork Orange. Alex’s “goloss” is his weapon, his charm, and sometimes his downfall.

Goober: Lip

Borrowed from the Russian “губа” (guba), meaning “lip,” this term has a casual, almost dismissive feel. It’s often used in a mocking or derogatory sense, underscoring Alex’s sharp tongue.

Gooly: To Walk

Derived from the Russian “гулять” (guljatʹ), meaning “to stroll” or “walk,” this term conveys a sense of casual movement. For Alex and his droogs, “gooling” often leads to mischief, giving the word a sinister undertone.

Gorlo: Throat

From the Russian “горло” (gorlo), meaning “throat,” this word is used both literally and figuratively. In violent contexts, it often carries a threatening edge.

Govoreet: Speak

From the Russian “говорить” (govoritʹ), meaning “to speak,” this term emphasizes the act of verbal expression. Its formal tone contrasts with the crude language Alex often employs.

Grahzny: Dirty

Taken from the Russian “грязный” (grjaznyj), meaning “dirty,” this term is often used as an insult. Its harsh, guttural sound reinforces its derogatory nature.

Grape: Uvula

A rare and specific anatomical reference in Nadsat, this term is tied to the peculiar, sometimes grotesque descriptions Burgess employs to depict Alex’s world.

Grazzy: Soiled

From the Russian “грязь” (grjazʹ), meaning “dirt,” and “грязный” (grjaznyj), meaning “dirty,” this variation adds a childlike twist to the idea of filth, making it sound both playful and dismissive.

Gromky: Loud

Derived from the Russian “громкий” (gromkij), meaning “loud,” this term mirrors the noisy, chaotic world Alex inhabits. It’s often used to describe disruptive sounds or overwhelming noise.

Groody: Breast

From the Russian “грудь” (grudʹ), meaning “breast,” and its plural “груди” (grudi). The term feels intimate yet objectifying, reflecting Alex’s often predatory perspective on women.

Gruppa: Group

Borrowed from the Russian “группа” (gruppa), this term refers to collective units, whether it’s Alex’s gang or another group. Its use underscores the tribal, hierarchical nature of Nadsat society.

Guff, Guffaw: Laugh

Derived from “guffaw,” this term captures the sound of laughter, often used in a mocking or derisive context. It reflects the dark humor that permeates Alex’s world.

Gulliver: Head

A playful twist on the Russian “голова” (golova). It’s like Burgess gave it a literary flair by invoking Gulliver’s Travels.

Guttiwuts: Guts

A term drawn from children’s speech, “guttiwuts” adds a juvenile, almost innocent tone to a grisly concept. Its inclusion highlights the strange juxtaposition of childishness and brutality in Nadsat.

H

Hen-Korm: Chickenfeed

This term combines the English “hen” with the Russian “корм” (korm), meaning “feed.” It’s a vivid way of describing something insignificant or of little value, much like chickenfeed itself.

Horn: To Cry Out

A term that evokes the sharp, attention-grabbing sound of a horn, this word is both literal and metaphorical in Nadsat.

Horrorshow: Good, Well, Wonderful, Excellent

Derived and then anglicized from the Russian “хорошо” (khorosho), meaning “well” or “good,” this term is one of the most iconic in Nadsat. Its ironic twist—sounding like something frightening but meaning something positive—perfectly encapsulates the dark humor of Burgess’s linguistic invention. For Alex, life’s “horrorshow” moments are when things align with his twisted idea of perfection.

Hound-and-Horny: Corny

A piece of rhyming slang, this term takes something simple like “corny” and gives it a cheeky, playful twist. It’s reflective of the cocky, irreverent attitude that permeates Nadsat.

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I

In-Out In-Out, The Old In and Out: Sexual Intercourse

This phrase is as blunt and unapologetic as Alex himself. Its repetitive, sing-song quality trivializes the act, stripping it of emotional depth and reducing it to a mechanical function. Burgess uses this language to highlight Alex’s casual and often predatory attitude toward sex, reinforcing the disturbing aspects of his character.

Interessovat: To Interest

From the Russian “интересовать” (interesovatʹ), meaning “to interest.” This term feels slightly formal compared to much of Nadsat.

Itty: To Go

Borrowed from the Russian “идти” (idti), meaning “to go,” but also anglicised to match some of the more playful, childish words that are found in Nadsat.

J

Jammiwam: Jam

A playful, childlike mutation of the word “jam,” “jammiwam” reflects the way language evolves to suit a younger, more irreverent audience. It has a singsong quality that makes it feel whimsical and spontaneous, suggesting how slang often grows from a place of joy or mischief in youth culture.

Jeezny: Life

Adapted the Russian “жизнь” (žiznʹ), meaning “life,”.

Juice: Tears

A stark and visceral term, “juice” strips the act of crying down to its physical components.

K

Kartoffel: Potatoes

From the Russian “картофель” (kartofelʹ) and the German “Kartoffel,” this term highlights how languages borrow and adapt from one another. Potatoes, a simple, universal staple, become a symbol of practicality in Nadsat, grounding the lexicon in everyday life.

Kashl: Cough

Taken from the Russian “кашель” (kašelʹ), meaning “cough,” this word feels onomatopoeic, mimicking the sharp, rasping sound of a real cough. Its straightforwardness reflects the functional, descriptive side of Nadsat.

Keeshkas: Guts

Derived from the Russian “кишка” (kiška), meaning “gut,” this term has a raw, visceral quality. It’s often used figuratively to refer to bravery or fortitude, making it a term that resonates with youth culture’s emphasis on daring and toughness.

Kisa: Girl

From the Russian “киса” (kisa), literally “kitty,” this term carries a playful and affectionate tone.

Kleb: Bread

Borrowed from the Russian “хлеб” (xleb), meaning “bread.”

Klootch: Key

From the Russian “ключ” (ključ), meaning “key,” this term is simple and utilitarian.

Knives: Drugs

This sharp, metaphorical use of “knives” to mean drugs likely stems from the cutting edge or dangerous nature of substances. It reflects the creative repurposing of language in Nadsat, where even innocuous words take on darker meanings.

Knopka: Button

From the Russian “кнопка” (knopka), meaning “button.”

Knopkavat: Buttoning

Formed from “кнопка” (knopka) with the verb-forming suffix “-овать” (-ovatʹ), this word highlights the dynamic, evolving nature of Nadsat.

Kopat: To “Dig” (Appreciate)

From the Russian “копать” (kopatʹ), meaning “to dig,” this slang term has a dual meaning: literal and figurative.

Korova: Cow

Borrowed from the Russian “корова” (korova), this term takes on a slightly eerie edge in the context of the novel, especially as the name of the Korova Milkbar. It serves as a reminder of the dystopian, hyper-modern world Alex inhabits.

Koshka, Kot: Cat, Tomcat

From the Russian “кошка” (koška) for “cat” and “кот” (kot) for “tomcat,” these terms bring a touch of domestic familiarity to Nadsat.

Koshtoom: Clothing

From the Russian “костюм” (kostjum), meaning “suit,” this term covers all clothing in Nadsat. It reflects the gang’s flashy, curated sense of style, where clothes are an extension of identity and rebellion.

Krovvy: Blood

Borrowed from the Russian “кровь” (krovʹ), meaning “blood,” this term is one of the most iconic and visceral in Nadsat. Its harsh, guttural sound makes it feel immediate and threatening, fitting perfectly with the novel’s violent imagery.

Kupet: To Buy

From the Russian “купить” (kupitʹ), meaning “to buy.”

L

Lapa: Paw

From the Russian “лапа” (lapa), meaning “paw,” this term carries a playful and animalistic tone. In Nadsat, it reflects the tendency to anthropomorphize or reduce human characteristics to something more primal, blurring the lines between humanity and animal instinct.

Lewdies: People

Borrowed from the Russian “люди” (ljudi), meaning “people,” this term adds a casual, slightly irreverent tone to the idea of humanity.

Lighter: Old Woman, Crone

Derived from the Russian then anglicized “лета” (leta), which literally means “summers” and is used to denote age,

Litso: Face

From the Russian “лицо” (lico), meaning “face,” this term is direct and unadorned. It’s often used in Nadsat with a sense of cold detachment, treating the face as just another part of the human body rather than the seat of identity or emotion.

Lomtick: Piece, Bit

Borrowed from the Russian “ломтик” (lomtik), meaning “slice,” this word feels practical and compact. It’s used to describe parts or fragments, emphasizing the functional simplicity of Nadsat for day-to-day conversation.

Luna: Moon

From the Russian “луна” (luna), this term retains its poetic, almost mystical quality.

Loveted: Caught

Derived from the Russian “ловить” (lovitʹ), meaning “to catch,” this term conveys a sense of finality and inevitability. Its clipped, past-tense form feels fitting for Alex’s encounters with authority, where capture often looms as a threat.

Lubbilubbing: Making Love

From the Russian “любить” (ljubitʹ), meaning “to love,” and “люблю” (ljublju), meaning “(I) love,” this playful and singsong term brings a childlike innocence to something inherently intimate.

Luscious Glory: Hair

A rhyming slang term, possibly derived from “crowning glory.”

M

Malchick: Boy

From the Russian “мальчик” (malʹčik), meaning “boy,” this term is simple and direct. It emphasizes youth, making it a key part of the Nadsat lexicon, where much of the slang revolves around the teenage experience.

Malenky: Little, Tiny

Derived from the Russian “маленький” (malenʹkij), this term adds a diminutive, almost endearing quality to descriptions. Its playful tone highlights the youthful energy of Nadsat, even when applied to darker subjects.

Maskie: Mask

Borrowed from the Russian “маска” (maska), meaning “mask,”

Maslo: Butter

From the Russian “масло” (maslo), meaning “butter,” this term is one of the more mundane entries in the lexicon, grounding Nadsat in everyday items while retaining its linguistic flavor.

Merzky: Filthy

Derived from the Russian “мерзкий” (merzkij), meaning “vile” or “disgusting,” this term is harsh and evocative, perfectly suited to the darker, grimier aspects of Alex’s world.

Messel: Thought, Fancy

From the Russian “мысль” (myslʹ), meaning “thought,” this term conveys intellectual or imaginative processes.

Mesto: Place

Taken from the Russian “место” (mesto), meaning “place”

Mewler (or Mowler): To Mew

A term imitating the sound of a mewing cat, this word has an onomatopoeic charm. Its inclusion reflects Nadsat’s playful and occasionally juvenile tendencies.

Millicents: Police

From the Russian “милиционер” (milicioner), meaning “militsiya officer,” this term ties directly to law enforcement in Alex’s dystopian world. The slight modification makes it feel informal and slightly mocking, reflecting Alex’s disdain for authority.

Minoota: Minute

Borrowed from the Russian “минута” (minuta), meaning “minute,” this term is a straightforward and practical addition to Nadsat, used for describing time and quite similar to it’s English equivalent working as a bit of a linguistic bridge to the reader.

Molodoy: Young

From the Russian “молодой” (molodoj), meaning “young.”

Moloko: Milk

Taken from the Russian “молоко” (moloko), meaning “milk,” this word gains significant weight in A Clockwork Orange. It’s central to the droogs’ rituals, particularly at the Korova Milkbar, where “moloko” becomes a vehicle for rebellion and altered states.

Moloko Plus: Milk Laced with Drugs

An extension of “moloko,” this term reflects the dystopian blending of the mundane with the illicit. It symbolizes the perverse normalization of drug use in Alex’s society.

Moodge: Man

Derived from the Russian “муж” (muž), meaning “husband” or “man.”

Morder: Snout

From the Russian “морда” (morda), meaning “snout,” this term has an animalistic, dehumanizing edge, often used to describe faces in a dismissive or mocking way.

Mounch: Snack

Taken from “munch,” this term is a playful nod to casual eating.

Munchy-Wunching: Munching

A juvenile mutation of “munching,” this term is whimsical and singsong. Its inclusion reflects the childlike playfulness that underpins much of Nadsat, even in its darker context.

Mozg: Brain

From the Russian “мозг” (mozg), meaning “brain,” this term is direct and functional. It underscores the importance of intellect and thought.

N

Nachinat: To Begin

From the Russian “начинать” (načinatʹ), meaning “to begin,” this term is an action-oriented word that fits seamlessly into Nadsat’s rhythm.

Nadmenny: Arrogant

Taken from the Russian “надменный” (nadmennyj), meaning “arrogant,”

Nadsat: Teenage

From the Russian suffix “-надцать” (-nadcatʹ), meaning “-teen,” this term is the very name of the slang itself. It reflects the youthful rebellion and identity at the heart of Nadsat culture.

Nagoy: Naked

Borrowed from the Russian “нагой” (nagoj), meaning “nude,”

Nazz: Fool

From the Russian “назад” (nazad), meaning “backward,” this term is a clever insult, implying stupidity or regressive behavior. I

Neezhnies: Underpants

Derived from the Russian “нижнее” (nižneje), meaning “lower,” this term has a playful tone, reducing an intimate item of clothing to something casual and humorous.

Nochy: Night/Nocturnal

From the Russian “ночь” (nočʹ), meaning “night,” and “ночной” (nočnoj), meaning “nocturnal,” this term reflects the dark, shadowy world Alex often inhabits.

Nogas: Feet, Legs (Also Used for Cars)

From the Russian “нога” (noga), meaning “foot” or “leg,” this term is both practical and humorous, extending to describe the “legs” of cars in a playful twist.

Nozh: Knife

Taken from the Russian “нож” (nož), meaning “knife,” this term carries a sharp, dangerous edge, fitting for the violence that permeates Alex’s world.

Nuking: Smelling

From the Russian “нюхать” (njuxatʹ), meaning “to smell,” this term captures the physicality of sniffing or detecting a scent.

O

Oddy Knocky: On One’s Own

From the Russian “одинокий” (odinokij), meaning “lonesome,” this term has a rhythmic, almost lyrical quality that softens its melancholic meaning. In Nadsat, it emphasizes solitude, whether chosen or imposed, reflecting the isolation that often accompanies individuality.

Odin: One

From the Russian “один” (odin), meaning “one,” this term is a simple but essential part of Nadsat’s numerals. Its starkness fits well with the pragmatic style of the lexicon.

Okno: Window

Borrowed from the Russian “окно” (okno), this term is direct and functional, used to describe a commonplace object. Its inclusion highlights Nadsat’s grounding in everyday language.

Oobivat: To Kill

From the Russian “убивать” (ubivatʹ), meaning “to kill,” this term is chilling in its bluntness. It encapsulates the stark, casual attitude toward violence in Alex’s world.

Ookadeet: To Leave

Derived from the Russian “уходить” (uxoditʹ), meaning “to leave,” this term reflects the fluid movement and transient nature of life in Nadsat culture.

Ooko: Ear

Taken from the Russian “ухо” (uxo), meaning “ear,” this term is a straightforward anatomical reference, adding to the physicality of Nadsat’s descriptive vocabulary.

Oomny: Brainy

From the Russian “умный” (umnyj), meaning “clever” or “smart,” this term conveys intelligence or wit. Its informal tone makes it a term of appreciation or admiration among the Nadsat-speaking youth.

Oozhassny: Terrible

Derived from the Russian “ужасный” (užasnyj), meaning “terrible,” this term has an exaggerated, almost theatrical quality, fitting for dramatic expressions of fear or disgust.

Oozy: Chain

From the archaic Russian “узы” (uzy), meaning “shackles,” this term carries a weighty, oppressive connotation. It evokes imagery of confinement or restriction, making it a powerful word in Nadsat’s lexicon.

Orange: Man, Person

Borrowed from the Malay “orang,” meaning “man,” this term is a rare non-European borrowing in Nadsat. It adds an exotic, philosophical layer to the language, tying into the novel’s title and its exploration of humanity.

Osoosh: To Wipe

From the Russian “осушать” (osušatʹ), meaning “to dry,” this term is functional and utilitarian. Its practical use reflects the mundane, everyday side of Nadsat.

Otchkies: Eyeglasses

From the Russian “очки” (očki), meaning “glasses,” this term has a playful, diminutive sound, making it feel more casual and less clinical than its English counterpart.

P

Pan-Handle: Erection

A cheeky and irreverent term, “pan-handle” captures the playful, metaphorical style of Nadsat. Its slangy tone reflects the youthful energy and humor of Alex’s gang.

Pantalonies: Pants, Underwear

A whimsical mutation of “pantaloons,” this term has a lighthearted, almost theatrical air. Its use reflects Nadsat’s tendency to exaggerate or add flair to mundane words.

Pee and Em: Father and Mother

A playful shorthand for “pa and ma” or “pater and mater,” this term highlights the informal, irreverent attitude Nadsat speakers often have toward traditional family structures.

Peet: To Drink

From the Russian “пить” (pitʹ), meaning “to drink,” this term is practical and straightforward, reflecting a common activity in the life of the droogs.

Pishcha: Food

Taken from the Russian “пища” (pišča), meaning “food,” this term is another grounding element of Nadsat, tying it to basic, universal needs.

Platch: To Cry

From the Russian “плач” (plač), meaning “crying,” this term is simple but evocative, capturing the raw emotion associated with tears.

Platties: Clothes

From the Russian “платье” (platʹje), meaning “dress,” this term expands to cover all clothing in Nadsat. It’s an example of how words evolve and broaden in slang usage.

Pletcho: Shoulder

Borrowed from the Russian “плечо” (plečo), meaning “shoulder,” this term is functional and physical, emphasizing the corporeal focus of much of Nadsat.

Plenny: Prisoner

From the Russian “пленный” (plennyj), meaning “captive,” this term carries a sense of entrapment and loss of freedom, resonating strongly in the dystopian context of A Clockwork Orange.

Plesk: Splash

From the Russian “плеск” (plesk), this term is onomatopoeic, mimicking the sound of splashing. It’s one of Nadsat’s more playful and sensory words.

Plosh: To Splash

An onomatopoeic term, “plosh” captures the sound and action of water splashing. It’s a casual and descriptive addition to the lexicon.

Plott: Body

From the Russian “плоть” (plotʹ), meaning “flesh,” this term is visceral and physical, emphasizing the tangible, human aspects of existence in Nadsat.

Podooshka: Pillow

From the Russian “подушка” (poduška), meaning “pillow,” this term adds a touch of comfort and softness to the otherwise hard-edged Nadsat vocabulary.

Poison: Person

A phonetic twist on “person,” often spoken in a Cockney accent, this term is playful and slightly sardonic, reflecting the irreverence of Nadsat slang.

Pol: Sex

From the Russian “пол” (pol), meaning “gender,” this term is straightforward and utilitarian, emphasizing biological distinctions.

Polezny: Useful

Taken from the Russian “полезный” (poleznyj), meaning “useful,” this term reflects the practical, no-frills side of Nadsat.

Polly: Money

From rhyming slang for “lolly,” this term is casual and lighthearted, emphasizing the irreverence with which Nadsat treats material wealth.

Polyclef: Skeleton Key

Combining the French “clef” (key) and the Greek prefix “poly-” (many), this term is elegant and functional, reflecting Nadsat’s inventive blending of languages.

Pony: To Understand

From the Russian “понимать” (ponimatʹ), meaning “to understand,” this term is a crucial part of Nadsat, emphasizing comprehension and connection.

Poogly: Frightened

Derived from the Russian “испуганный” (ispugannyj), meaning “frightened,” this term captures fear in a playful, almost childlike way, softening its intensity.

Pooshka: Gun

From the Russian “пушка” (puška), meaning “cannon,” this term is bold and direct, fitting for the violence inherent in Nadsat.

Pop-Disc: A Record, Pop Album

A playful nod to music culture, this term reflects the influence of contemporary pop culture on Nadsat slang.

Prestoopnik: Criminal

From the Russian “преступник” (prestupnik), meaning “criminal,” this term adds a formal, slightly foreboding tone to descriptions of wrongdoers.

Pretty Polly: Money

A rhyming slang term for “lolly,” this playful expression reinforces the casual, almost flippant way material wealth is discussed in Nadsat.

Privodeet: To Lead Somewhere

From the Russian “приводить” (privoditʹ), meaning “to lead,” this term is straightforward and functional, reflecting the dynamic, action-oriented side of Nadsat.

Prod: To Produce

A clipped and practical term, “prod” is an example of Nadsat’s efficiency and tendency to reduce words to their essential sounds.

Ptitsa: Girl

From the Russian “птица” (ptica), meaning “bird,” this term draws on the metaphor of birds for women, similar to “chick” in English. It’s playful but carries a hint of objectification.

Punchipunching: Punching

A juvenile mutation of “punching,” this term is singsong and playful, highlighting the youthful creativity in Nadsat’s slang.

Purplewurple: Purple, Bruised

A whimsical mutation of “purple,” this term brings a sense of humor to descriptions of bruising, softening the imagery of injury.

Pyahnitsa: Drunk

From the Russian “пьяница” (pʹjanica), meaning “drunkard,” this term is blunt and descriptive, capturing the unvarnished state of inebriation.

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R

Rabbit: Work

From the Russian “работа” (rabota), meaning “work,” this term is a straightforward reference to labor or effort. It is another example of transposing a Russian word into an English word that seems to have some degree of vague semantic connection (doe a rabbit work hard? I feel like that makes sense, right?)

Rabbiter: Worker

Derived from the Russian “работник” (rabotnik), meaning “worker,”

Radosty: Joy

From the Russian “радость” (radostʹ), meaning “joy,” this term captures a fleeting, almost ethereal quality.

Raskazz: Story

From the Russian “рассказ” (rasskaz), meaning “story” or “tale.”

Rassoodock: Mind

Derived from the Russian “рассудок” (rassudok), meaning “reason” or “mind”.

Raz: Time

From the Russian “раз” (raz), meaning “time” in the sense of “once” or “instance,” this term is functional and succinct, fitting seamlessly into Nadsat’s rhythm.

Razdraz: Annoy/Annoyed

Taken from the Russian “раздраж” (razdraž), meaning “irritation,” this term has a sharp, staccato sound that mirrors the feeling of being annoyed. Its brevity and harshness make it effective in expressing frustration.

Razrez: To Rip, Ripping

From the Russian “разрез” (razrez), meaning “cut” or “slash,” this term is visceral and evocative.

Rook, Rooker: Hand

From the Russian “руки” (ruki), meaning “hands” (plural), this term has a straightforward, physical quality. It is also one of the few words Alex explicitly translates for the user in the narrative

Rot: Mouth

Borrowed from the Russian “рот” (rot), meaning “mouth,” this term is blunt and functional. Its harsh sound reflects the often unkind or raw nature of what comes out of Alex’s “rot.”

Rozz: Policeman

A Cockney slang term for “rozzer,” meaning “policeman,” this word blends British street slang with Nadsat’s irreverent attitude toward authority figures. It’s short, sharp, and slightly mocking.

Rozz-Shop: Police Station

Rozz-Van: Police Car, Police Van

S

Sabog: Shoe

From the Russian “сапог” (sapog), meaning “boot,” and possibly influenced by the French “sabot,” meaning “shoe,” this term carries a sense of practicality. Shoes in Nadsat, as in life, symbolize mobility and readiness, fitting seamlessly into Alex’s active, roving lifestyle.

Sakar: Sugar

Borrowed from the Russian “сахар” (saxar), meaning “sugar,” this term has a sweetness that feels almost universal. Its connection to the English “saccharine” makes it recognizable while retaining its foreign flair.

Sammy: Generous

A nod to the “Good Samaritan” from the Bible, this term ties generosity to moral virtue. Its use in Nadsat reflects how cultural and religious references are casually adapted into youthful slang.

Sarky: Sarcastic

An English slang term, not unique to Nadsat, but its sharpness and brevity make it fit naturally. It reflects the cutting, often irreverent tone of Alex’s world.

Scoteena: Beast, Cow

From the Russian “скотина” (skotina), meaning “cattle,” this term is deeply insulting and dehumanizing. Its animalistic undertone emphasizes the raw, uncivilized side of humanity.

Shaika: Gang

Taken from the Russian “шайка” (šajka), meaning “gang,” this term underscores the tribal nature of Alex’s droogs. It’s a word that carries connotations of loyalty and rebellion in equal measure.

Sharp: Female

A piece of Cockney rhyming slang for “sharp and blunt,” this term adds a quirky, informal way of referring to women. Its origins in British slang give it a grounded, cultural resonance.

Sharries: Buttocks

Derived from the Russian “шары” (šary), meaning “spheres” or “marbles,” this playful term adds a lighthearted, almost childlike tone to descriptions of anatomy.

Shest: Barrier

From the Russian “шест” (šest), meaning “pole,” this term has a stark, structural quality. It symbolizes obstacles or divisions, fitting the dystopian atmosphere of A Clockwork Orange.

Shilarny: Desire

From the Russian “желание” (želanije), meaning “desire” or “wish,” this term feels lyrical and evocative. It captures both the intensity and fleeting nature of longing.

Shive: Slice

Possibly derived from “shiv” (a makeshift knife), this term adds a sharp, cutting quality to the idea of a slice. Its dual meaning enhances its versatility in Nadsat.

Shiyah: Neck

From the Russian “шея” (šeja), meaning “neck,” this term is simple and functional, yet it emphasizes the physicality of descriptions in Alex’s world.

Shlaga: Club, Bat

Borrowed from the German “Schläger,” meaning “club” or “bat,” this term carries connotations of violence and blunt force, fitting for the weaponry often used in Nadsat’s violent world.

Shlem: Helmet

From the Russian “шлем” (šlem), meaning “helmet,” this term has a militaristic tone, adding to the hardened, combative lexicon of Nadsat.

Shlagnicked: Clubbed

Derived from “shlaga” with the Russian diminutive suffix “-ник” (-nik), this term is a vivid and action-oriented description of being hit with a club, highlighting the physical brutality of Nadsat slang.

Shlapa: Hat

From the Russian “шляпа” (šljapa), meaning “hat,” this term is straightforward and practical, adding to the array of Nadsat words for clothing and accessories.

Shoom: Noise, Siren

From the Russian “шум” (šum), meaning “noise,” this term is onomatopoeic and evocative, reflecting the chaotic and overwhelming sounds of Alex’s world.

Shoot: Fool

From the Russian “шут” (šut), meaning “clown” or “jester,” this term has a mocking tone, aligning with the irreverent humor of Nadsat.

Shop-Crasting: Stealing from Cars and Houses

A creative blend of English words, this term reflects the specificity of criminal activity in Alex’s world. It highlights the resourcefulness and focused intent of the droogs.

Shvat: Take

From the Russian “схватить” (sxvatitʹ), meaning “grab,” this term is direct and physical, emphasizing quick and decisive action.

Sicking: Vomiting

A blunt and vivid term, “sicking” captures the rawness of the act. Its lack of flourish reflects the unfiltered nature of Nadsat.

Sick Up: Throw Up, Vomit

Similar to “sicking,” this term adds a colloquial, almost casual tone to the unpleasant act of vomiting. Its simplicity makes it relatable and direct.

Silver-Like: Shiny

A poetic term for something that gleams or sparkles, “silver-like” captures the beauty and allure of reflective surfaces. Its aesthetic focus is rare in Nadsat, adding a touch of elegance.

Sinny: Film, Cinema, Movie Theater

A mutated form of “cine,” this term reflects the influence of visual media on Nadsat culture. Its lighthearted tone aligns with the escapism offered by cinema.

Skazat: To Say

From the Russian “сказать” (skazatʹ), meaning “to say,” this term is a straightforward and functional part of Nadsat’s linguistic toolkit.

Skitebird: Shithead

A colorful insult, this term likely stems from dialectal slang for seagulls, known for their messiness. It adds a touch of humor and derision to Alex’s lexicon.

Skolliwoll: School

A juvenile mutation of “school,” this term emphasizes the youthful and irreverent tone of Nadsat. It’s a playful, almost mocking take on formal education.

Skorry: Quick, Quickly

From the Russian “скорый” (skoryj), meaning “quick,” this term is efficient and energetic, fitting well with the fast-paced rhythm of Alex’s world.

Skriking: Scratching

A blend of “strike” and “scratch,” this term is vivid and action-oriented, capturing the physicality of the act.

Skvat: To Grab

From the Russian “схватить” (sxvatitʹ), meaning “grab,” this term emphasizes swift, decisive action, often with aggressive intent.

Sladkvat: Sweetest

A playful intensification of “sladky,” this term reflects the exuberance and exaggeration common in Nadsat.

Sladky: Sweet

From the Russian “сладкий” (sladkij), meaning “sweet,” this term carries a sense of delight and enjoyment, contrasting with Nadsat’s darker themes.

Sloochat: To Happen

From the Russian “случаться” (slučatʹsja), meaning “to happen,” this term captures the inevitability of events in Alex’s chaotic world.

Sloosh, Slooshy: To Hear, To Listen

From the Russian “слушать” (slušatʹ), meaning “listen,” and “слышать” (slyšatʹ), meaning “hear,” these terms are central to Alex’s sensory experiences. They emphasize the importance of observation and perception in his story.

Slovo: Word

From the Russian “слово” (slovo), meaning “word,” this term underscores the power and significance of language in Nadsat.

Smarting: Damaged, Bruised

A descriptive term that captures the sensation of pain or injury. Its simplicity makes it a versatile addition to the lexicon.

Smeck: Laugh

From the Russian “смех” (smex), meaning “laughter,” this term conveys joy or mockery, depending on context. It’s a lighthearted, almost musical word.

Smot: To Look

From the Russian “смотреть” (smotretʹ), meaning “to look,” this term is practical and observational, emphasizing the visual aspect of Alex’s world.

Sneety: Dream

From the Russian “сниться” (snitʹsja), meaning “to be seen in a dream,” this term adds a mystical, introspective layer to Nadsat.

Snoutie: Tobacco

Borrowed from English prison slang for “tobacco” or “cigarette,” this term reflects the casual, everyday vices of Alex’s world.

Snuff It: Commit Suicide, To Die

An English phrase for extinguishing a candle, this term carries a blunt, unflinching tone. Its inclusion highlights the raw reality of mortality in the dystopian setting.

Sobirat: To Pick Up

From the Russian “собирать” (sobiratʹ), meaning “to gather” or “pick up,” this term is practical and action-oriented, fitting seamlessly into Nadsat’s functional vocabulary.

Sod: To Fornicate/Bugger, Fornicator/Bugger

An English slang term derived from “sodomy,” this word retains its sharp, derogatory tone in Nadsat. It’s crude and confrontational, reflecting the darker side of Alex’s interactions.

Sophistos: Sophisticated/Beautiful People

A playful term for the upper class or those who value refinement, this word captures the aspirational, satirical edge of Nadsat culture.

Soomka: Old Woman, Old Whore

From the Russian “сумка” (sumka), meaning “bag,” this term dehumanizes and reduces its subject to an object, highlighting the dismissive tone of Nadsat slang.

Sooka: Whore

From the Russian “сука” (suka), literally “bitch,” this term is a harsh and derogatory insult. It reflects the misogynistic undertones of Alex’s language and worldview.

Soviet: Advice, Order

From the Russian “совет” (sovet), meaning “advice” or “counsel,” this term has a dual meaning, hinting at both guidance and command, fitting for the novel’s themes of control and autonomy.

Spat, Spatchka: To Sleep

From the Russian “спать” (spatʹ), meaning “to sleep,” and “спячка” (spjačka), meaning “hibernation,” these terms convey rest or escape. Their softness contrasts with the harshness of much of Nadsat.

Splodge, Splosh: Splash

Onomatopoeic terms that evoke the sound and sensation of water splashing. They add a sensory, playful element to the lexicon.

Spoogy: Terrified

From the Russian “испуганный” (ispugannyj), meaning “frightened,” this term has a childlike, exaggerated tone that softens its meaning slightly.

Staja: Cell, State Jail

An abbreviation of “State Jail,” this term ties Alex’s experiences to institutional authority. Its similarity to the Russian “стая” (staja), meaning “flock,” adds a layer of irony, reducing inmates to a collective, dehumanized group.

Steaky Wake: Beef Steak

A juvenile mutation of “steak,” this term reflects the playful, irreverent tone of Nadsat. It’s one of the more lighthearted entries in the lexicon.

Starry: Ancient, Old

From the Russian “старый” (staryj), meaning “old,” this term has a quaint, slightly whimsical quality, adding a sense of history or antiquity.

Strack: Horror

From the Russian “страх” (strax), meaning “fear,” this term conveys intense dread. Its harsh, clipped sound mirrors the feeling it describes.

Stoolies: Chairs

From the Russian “стулья” (stulʹja), meaning “chairs,” this term is functional and straightforward, reflecting the mundane objects in Alex’s environment.

Stripey Hole: Prison

A colorful term that likely references either the striped uniforms of prisoners or the barred windows of cells. Its playful tone masks its grim reality.

Synthemesc: Drug

Possibly derived from “synthetic mescaline,” this term highlights the futuristic, dystopian drug culture in A Clockwork Orange. It ties into the novel’s themes of escapism and altered reality.

T

Tally: Waist

From the Russian “талия” (talija), meaning “waist,” this term is simple and functional. It highlights the physical descriptions often prevalent in Nadsat, emphasizing Alex’s keen observation of people’s appearances.

Tashtook: Handkerchief

Derived from the German “Taschentuch,” meaning “pocket cloth,” this term adds a touch of elegance to the mundane object, blending practicality with linguistic playfulness.

Tass: Cup

Taken from French “tasse” or German “Tasse,” meaning “cup,” this word reflects the international influences woven into Nadsat. It carries a sense of everyday utility.

This Nochy: Tonight

From the Russian “ночь” (nočʹ), meaning “night,” this phrase combines English and Russian, emphasizing Nadsat’s hybrid structure. It gives a poetic, slightly mysterious air to the passage of time.

Tick-Tocker: Heart

This term is an inventive take on the sound of a heartbeat, akin to the English slang “ticker.” It ties the physicality of the heart to a whimsical linguistic twist.

Ticklewickled: Grazed

A playful term that softens the harshness of an injury. It reflects Nadsat’s ability to make even painful experiences sound lighter and less threatening.

Timps: Drums

From the English “timpani,” this term ties directly to music, reflecting Alex’s love for rhythm and sound. It highlights the sensory elements of his world.

Tolchock: Punch, Hit, Smack, Push, Slap

From the Russian “толчок” (tolčok), meaning “push” or “shove,” this term has an aggressive, blunt quality. It captures the immediacy and violence often central to Alex’s interactions.

Toofles: Slippers

From the Russian “туфли” (tufli), meaning “shoes,” this term is both cozy and practical. It’s one of the softer, more domestic entries in the Nadsat lexicon.

Tree: Three

From the Russian “три” (tri), meaning “three,” this term is a simple numeral but gains significance in the rhythm of Alex’s speech. Its phonetic twist adds a slight playfulness.

U

Ultra-Violence: Assorted Violent Crimes

A Nadsat hallmark, this term encapsulates the brutality and excess of Alex’s world. It merges “ultra” (extreme) with “violence,” creating a chillingly poetic umbrella term for the depravity of the youth gangs.

V

Vareet: To Cook Up, To Think, An Idea

From the Russian “варить” (varitʹ), meaning “to cook by boiling,” this term metaphorically extends to thinking or formulating ideas. It reflects the process of creating or scheming, central to Alex’s resourceful nature.

Vaysay: Washroom

Derived from the French pronunciation of “w.c.” (“water closet”), this term is practical and slightly elevated, nodding to the multicultural roots of Nadsat.

Veck: Person, Man, Fellow

From the Russian “человек” (čelovek), meaning “person” or “man,” this term is central to Nadsat’s vocabulary. It carries a casual tone, making it versatile in conversation.

Vehina: Wine

From the Russian “вино” (vino), meaning “wine,” this term retains its elegance while serving as a symbol of indulgence in Alex’s hedonistic world.

Vellocet: Drug

Possibly fabricated but evocative, this term combines the speed of “velocity” with the “-cet” suffix often found in pharmaceuticals, like “Percocet.” It suggests a synthetic, high-energy substance, fitting for the dystopian drug culture.

Venail: The Nailing In

Referring to the crucifixion of Christ, this term draws from religious imagery, adding weight and historical resonance to its context in Nadsat.

Veshch: Thing

From the Russian “вещь” (veščʹ), meaning “thing,” this term is a practical, everyday word that shows how Nadsat borrows from Russian for even the simplest expressions.

Viddy: See

From the Russian “видеть” (videtʹ), meaning “to see,” this term is one of the most iconic in Nadsat. It emphasizes Alex’s observational nature and ties directly to the sensory focus of his narrative.

Vino: Wine (Also Used as Blood)

Borrowed from the Russian “вино” (vino), meaning “wine,” this term doubles as a metaphor for blood, adding a poetic, visceral quality to descriptions of violence.

Voloss: Hair

From the Russian “волос” (volos), meaning “hair,” this term is straightforward yet tactile, adding to the physicality of Nadsat.

Von: Smell

Derived from the Russian “вонь” (vonʹ), meaning “stench,” this term is raw and evocative, capturing the sensory intensity of unpleasant odors.

Vred: To Harm or Damage

From the Russian “вред” (vred), meaning “harm,” this term is succinct and impactful, emphasizing injury or destruction.

W

Warbles: Songs, Recordings

From the English “warble,” meaning “to sing,” this term is light and musical, reflecting Alex’s appreciation for auditory experiences.

Worldcast: Satellite TV or Shortwave Radio Broadcast

A blend of “world” and “broadcast,” this futuristic term underscores the reach and omnipresence of media in Alex’s society.

Y

Yahma: Hole

From the Russian “яма” (jama), meaning “hole,” this term is simple and functional, often used metaphorically in descriptions of voids or absences.

Yahoodies: Jews

Borrowed from Arabic and Hebrew, this term has a historical and cultural weight, though its context in Nadsat often skews irreverent.

Yahzick: Tongue

From the Russian “язык” (jazyk), meaning “tongue” or “language,” this term bridges the physical and linguistic, central to Nadsat’s focus on speech and communication.

Yarbles, Yarblockos: Testicles (Possibly “Balls!”)

From the Russian “яблоко” (jabloko), meaning “apple,” this playful term carries a mix of bravado and humor, central to Alex’s macho, irreverent style.

Yeckate: To Drive

From the Russian “ехать” (jexatʹ), meaning “to go (by vehicle),” this term reflects mobility and control, fitting well with Alex’s fast-paced world.

Z

Zammechat: Remarkable

From the Russian “замечательный” (zamečatelʹnyj), meaning “remarkable,” this term carries an enthusiastic, elevated tone, reflecting awe or admiration.

Zasnoot: Sleep

From the Russian “заснуть” (zasnutʹ), meaning “to fall asleep,” this term is soft and soothing, providing contrast to the harsher aspects of Nadsat.

Zheena: Wife

From the Russian “жена” (žena), meaning “wife,” this term is straightforward and practical, often tied to traditional or domestic roles.

Zoobies: Teeth

From the Russian “зубы” (zuby), meaning “teeth,” this term is sharp and precise, reflecting its anatomical subject.

Zvonock: Bellpull, Doorbell

From the Russian “звонок” (zvonok), meaning “doorbell,” this term has a ringing, evocative sound, fitting for its practical use.

Zvook: Sound

From the Russian “звук” (zvuk), meaning “sound,” this term captures the auditory focus of Alex’s world, tying to his love of music and sensory experiences.

Burgess’s linguistic wizardry in A Clockwork Orange doesn’t just add flavor to the world—it’s essential to the experience. It’s what makes Alex’s voice so unforgettable and why, decades later, people like me are still obsessing over every “real horrorshow” detail. Honestly, if you haven’t read the book, I recommend it just for the sheer joy of decoding Nadsat. It’s like a dystopian puzzle for language nerds, and who doesn’t love a good puzzle?